Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) present a remarkable ability to convert near-infrared (NIR) light into higher-energy visible light. This characteristic has inspired extensive research in diverse fields, including biomedical imaging, medicine, and optoelectronics. However, the probable toxicity of UCNPs presents substantial concerns that necessit

Chemical formulas indicate the elements of matter. Interpreting these formulas is a fundamental framework for navigating the diverse world of chemistry. They reveal information about the species of atoms contained in a material, as well as their relative quantities. A chemical formula can easily illustrate the structure of atoms within a molecule,